Can labor support based on Kolcaba’s Theory reduce the negative consequences of fear of childbirth? A pilot study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background The fear of childbirth (FOC) causes negativities such as increased an need for analgesia and interventions related to labour, prolonged labor, and childbirth dissatisfaction. It has been shown that birth support can be an effective strategy for reducing these negative outcomes. Also, labour support based on a nursing theory can help improve care outcomes. Aim This study aimed to examine the effects of nursing care structured according to Kolcaba’s theory on duration, pain, and comfort of childbirth. Methods This pilot study was a randomised controlled study. Before the participants were randomized, their FOC levels were determined using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale A (WDEQ-A). Ninety women who had a FOC (WDEQ-A >66) were randomised into groups. The study was completed with 46 women (21 intervention, 25 control). The intervention group received the labour support based on Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort. The control group received standard care at birth.The data were collected using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale A and the Comfort Behavior Checklist during pregnancy and labour. They were analysed using non-parametric tests. Results The women in the intervention group had shorter latent and active phases (p = 0.002), lower pain scores (p = 0.000), and higher levels of birth comfort (p = 0.002). Relevance for the Clinical Practice Labor support structured according to Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort contributes to increased comfort and decreases childbirth pain. This study can guide healthcare professionals who provide labour support on how to plan, provide, and assess care for woman who are giving birth.