Abstract
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have limited driving ranges compared to conventional vehicles (CVs). Therefore, whether BEVs meet highway-trip requirements poses a critical concern for consumers. The real-world driving range is significantly different from laboratory test results due to a lack of real-world factors. Here, a hybrid physical-stochastic model is proposed to assess the real-world performance of BEVs in highway trips by comprehensively considering the technical and social factors of vehicle performance, driver behavior, and trip plan. The results provide much improved realworld insight for both technical and nontechnical professionals concerning the development of BEVs.
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