Can Broadening the Kidney Biopsy Criteria Reduce Misleading Diagnoses in Young Patients with End-Stage Renal Diseases? A Survey on the Sicilian Registry of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation

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Audits allow analysis of the delivery of care and the prevalence of diseases. This study investigated kidney diseases’ impact on end-stage renal disease (ERSD) in patients younger than 30 years. Methods: This analysis is retrospectively conducted on young dialysis-dependent patients included in the Sicilian Registry of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Participants. It evaluated patients who started dialysis before the age of 30 retrieved in the mentioned registry. The sample was divided into two groups, according to the presence or absence of a specific diagnosis. Baseline features were reported as mean ± sd, median [IQR] and n (%). A Student T-test, Mann–Whitney test or Pearson Chi-Square test was performed. Logistic regression analysis detected the association between the variables and the unknown diagnosis, and variables with a p-value < 0.2 were added to the multivariate model. ROC curves were drawn including this multivariate prediction. Results: In total, 145 patients started dialysis before the age of 30 years. Between patients with and without a diagnosis, the intake of renin–angiotensin–aldosteron system inhibitors (RAASIs) and blood pressure differed enough to be considered as possibly confounding. Logistic regression showed that blood pressure and RAASIs seemed to be related to the unknown diagnosis. ROC curves adjusted for RAASIs and blood pressure provided an AUC = 0.689. Conclusions: Although Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) did not include hypertension among biopsy indications, our data suggest that performing renal biopsy in young patients with hypertension and worsening renal function could improve kidney diagnosis management.