Abstract
Economic recession, power and fuel shortage, waste management and pollution leading to global warming and climate change are few of the major issues faced by Pakistan, a developing country. These issues can be addressed to some extent by implementing policies and programmes by the government that will promote the development of the renewable energy sector in the country. Pakistan being an agricultural country has great potential to produce bioethanol, by using agricultural and municipal waste, and be able to fulfil its fuel requirements. Countries such as Canada, China and Brazil, the top producers of bioethanol in the world, can be followed as examples in terms of making policies for the growth and development of bioethanol industries. The government should make policies to replace traditional petroleum with ethanol-blended fuel to minimize the energy crisis and environmental pollution throughout the country. Keywords: Renewable energy, pollution, economic growth, sustainable development goals, global warming, waste management.
Highlights
Leading and well developed countries around the globe including USA, Brazil, China, Australia, Thailand, Canada, Malaysia, etc. are investing their time and energy to find out renewable, cheaper and environmentally friendly alternatives of petroleum in view of the fact that oil reserves around the world are eventually running out [1]
The consumption of liquid fuels by the world is increasing day by day, it is estimated that the consumption of fuel by 2040 will increase to 115 million barrels per day as compared to 89 million barrels per day in 2013 [2]. The burning of this much fuel every day leads to the production of harmful gases in very large amounts, this pollution leads to global warming and climate changes taking place throughout the world drastically
A report launched by the food and agriculture organization of United Nations in February, 2019 under their project RSMOG (Remote sensing for Spatio-temporal mapping of smog) identified the potential factors causing smog includes the transport sector, the largest contributor followed by the industrial sector contributing up to 25% to air pollution and the agriculture sector
Summary
Leading and well developed countries around the globe including USA, Brazil, China, Australia, Thailand, Canada, Malaysia, etc. are investing their time and energy to find out renewable, cheaper and environmentally friendly alternatives of petroleum in view of the fact that oil reserves around the world are eventually running out [1]. Bioethanol is the most feasible option that is gaining attention throughout the world This is evident from the fact that the annual production of bioethanol across the globe increased to 87.2 million m3 in 2013 as compared to 28.5 million m3 in 2004 [1]. Bioethanol is ethanol produced by the fermentation of sugar by saccharomyces cerevisiae, more commonly known as the baker’s yeast [7]. It has a higher octane number [8] and allows the fuel to undergo complete combustion and produce less harmful gases [9]. 14 Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, 2019, Vol 8 can be solved to some extent if it is used in the right direction [14]
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