Can adalimumab prevent from acute effects of lipopolysaccharide induced renal injury in rats?

Abstract

Lipopolysaccharides is well-known in the acute renal injury process. It causes widespread activation of inflammatory cascades. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (Il)-6 are essential proinflammatory cytokines that can induce the production of other cytokines in host response. Adalimumab suppresses TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. We aimed to evaluate whether adalimumab would prevent the toxicity of lipopolysaccharide on the rat renal tissue. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups. To the control group, only intraperitoneal saline injection procedure was carried out. For adalimumab group, adalimumab was injected at a dose for two days. For lipopolysaccharide group, animals were injected with lipopolysaccharide (a dose). For lipopolysaccharide-adalimumab group, animals were given adalimumab treatment before the injection of lipopolysaccharide. Histopathological changes and immunohistochemical analysis for TNF-α and IL-6 were determined. The pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α or IL-6 were similar for control and adalimumab groups (p > 0.05). The lipopolysaccharide group had significantly higher distorted features in the renal tissues (p < 0.001), and also significantly prominent immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α or IL-6 (0.003), compared to the control group. No severe pathological feature was detected in the lipopolysaccharide-adalimumab group, but moderate necrosis was found in all cases (p = 0.003). TNF-α staining and IL-6 staining in the lipopolysaccharide group was found to significantly prominent compared to lipopolysaccharide-adalimumab group (p = 0.013). Because of its anti-inflammatory property, adalimumab pretreatment may have protective effects on experimental kidney injury. Adalimumab could be considered as a protective agent to acute effects of lipopolysaccharide induced renal injury.