Abstract
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid and comprehensive analysis of the reservoir using physical, chemical and biological variables comprising water and sediment as also to verify if a one-sampling campaign can produce information that is robust enough for monitoring purposes. Methods One-sampling campaign was performed along the central body of Itupararanga reservoir comprising five sampling points. The following physico-chemical and biological variables were measured in each of them from water samples: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, suspended matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus and fecal coliforms. A genotoxicity assay with Allium cepa was also performed with water from each one of the five sampling points. As a complement, the phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates communities were also analyzed in the two most distant sampling points (P1 and P5). Results Results indicate a scenario with eutrophication and toxicity. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were recorded and there is a worrying prevalence of cyanobacteria - potential toxin producers - in phytoplankton community. Benthic macroinvertebrates analysis suggests poor quality of the water and sediments. Genotoxicity tests suggest the presence of toxic substances along the waterbody. Conclusions It is concluded that Itupararanga reservoir has water with poor quality that could be related to the land uses around the reservoir. The comprehensive approach performed here - where distinct sources of monitoring variables was considered - despite the rapid protocol (one campaign), was enough to respond to the distinct anthropic impacts received by the reservoir. Considering it, this approach is recommended as a rapid diagnostic tool.
Highlights
The water bodies provide many services for humanity but the misusage of them or of the surroundings can seriously compromise water quality and availability (Cunha et al, 2013; Suriano & Fonseca-Gessner, 2013; Silva & Costa, 2015)
Some of the most widespread impacts are: riparian forestry removal (Torres & Ramirez, 2014); the contamination promoted by agrochemicals (Giraldo et al, 2014; Díaz‐Barriga et al, 2015), industrial and domestic wastes (Maceda-Veiga et al, 2013) as the exotic species introduction (Beghelli et al, 2014a; Fernandez et al, 2014; Rietzler et al, 2014)
The values recorded for TN were low, below limit of detection in four sampling points
Summary
The water bodies provide many services for humanity but the misusage of them or of the surroundings can seriously compromise water quality and availability (Cunha et al, 2013; Suriano & Fonseca-Gessner, 2013; Silva & Costa, 2015). There is a growing number of pollutants detected in different kinds of environments This situation highlights the requirements for precaution and treatment measures as for warning for the possible consequences that these substances may cause in the environment and human health (Jongh et al, 2012; Wongsasuluk et al, 2014; Testai et al, 2016). This scenario may be worst when the water body is inserted in an urban area where it may receive many different impacts from multiple sources and where there is high demands for water. In Brazil, some reservoirs as Billings (Moschini-Carlos et al, 2010; Pompêo et al, 2013; Duarte & Borges, 2016) and Guarapiranga (Fontana et al, 2014) are emblematic situations of urban reservoirs that are seriously damaged by water contamination and surrounding environment misusing
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