Abstract
Independent risk factors for campylobacteriosis (eating raw, rare, or undercooked poultry; consuming raw milk or raw milk products; and eating chicken or turkey in a commercial establishment) account for <50% of cases in Québec. Substantial regional and seasonal variations in campylobacteriosis were not correlated with campylobacter in chickens and suggested environmental sources of infection, such as drinking water.
Highlights
Published case-control studies provide conflicting results regarding the risk factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis
Conditional multivariate analysis adjusted for the county of residency resolved only three independent risk factors: raw, rare, or undercooked poultry, raw milk or raw milk products, and turkey or chicken eaten in a restaurant, a fast food or a buffet
In the univariate analysis, drinking tap water at home or at work tended to be associated with an increased risk for infection, and in a subanalysis of cases in Asbestos County, which had the highest incidence, drinking tap water from a deep well at home was the only risk factor identified (53% of cases compared to 23% of controls; OR 3.83, p = 0.06 by univariate analysis and OR 3.96, p = 0.06 after adjusting for age group and sex)
Summary
Published case-control studies provide conflicting results regarding the risk factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis. Case-patients were excluded if the infection was acquired outside Québec (i.e., travel abroad during the 10-day period before the onset of symptoms) or if the interval between the onset of symptoms and reporting was >6 weeks.
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