Abstract
The influence of transport stress in the presence of Campylobacter spp. and the antimicrobial resistance profile were evaluated in feces of 60 pigs. The samples were collected at the finishing farm and after transport to the slaughterhouse, totaling 120 samples. Isolation was performed by plaque culture and identification of the species was obtained by biochemical tests confirmed with the PCR technique. Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 63.3% of the collected samples at the farm and 91.6% at the slaughterhouse, evidencing the influence of transport stress on the increase of the isolates (P<0.05). The species C. coli biotype I, C. jejuni biotype I and C. jejuni subsp. doylei were identified, with C. coli being more prevalent on the farm and C. jejuni in the slaughterhouse. Bacterial resistance was observed for all six classes of antibiotics tested. Among them, the isolates presented greater resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid (98.9%), and greater sensitivity to amoxicillin (22.5%). The strains of C. coli showed higher antimicrobial resistance than those of C. jejuni (P<0.05). The results of this study point to the high isolation rates of C. coli and C. jejuni in pig feces destinated for slaughter and possible risks related to meat consumption. The high standards of resistance address the risk to public health.
Highlights
The Brazilian swine breeding occupy a prominent position on the world stage, as the fourth largest producer and the fourth largest exporter of pork
In the samples collected after transport to the slaughterhouse there was isolation of C. jejuni subspecie doylei, which was not previously identified in the animals settled in the termination farm, probably because it was present in an amount insufficient to be detected by the traditional method used
The results presented by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Campylobacter jejuni in the samples previously identified in the biochemical tests
Summary
The Brazilian swine breeding occupy a prominent position on the world stage, as the fourth largest producer and the fourth largest exporter of pork. The production of pork in the country in 2016 showed a percentage increase of 2.42% compared to the previous year, producing 3.73 million tons of pork (Associação Brasileira de Proteína Animal, 2017). Campylobacter is highlighted as one of the main causers of food-borne human gastroenteritis in the world (World Health Organization, 2013). Pigs may be reservoirs for Campylobacter spp. acting as a potential biological contaminant in foods of animal origin (Haruna et al, 2013). Infection in humans occurs through direct contact with carrier animals, through ingestion of raw or poorly processed meat from poultry, swine and cattle or untreated or contaminated feces containing the pathogen (Food and Drug Administration, 2008)
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