Abstract
The molecular pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases is known to be influenced by dysfunctional ectopic adipose tissue. In addition to lifestyle improvements, these conditions may be managed by novel nutraceutical products. This study evaluatedthe effects of 11 Cameroonian medicinal spice extracts on triglyceride accumulation, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and interleukin secretion in SW 872 human adipocytes after differentiation with 100 µM oleic acid. Triglyceride content was significantly reduced by all spice extracts. Glucose uptake was significantly increased by Tetrapleura tetraptera, Aframomum melegueta and Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Moreover, Xylopia parviflora, Echinops giganteus and Dichrostachys glomerata significantly reduced the production of ROS. Concerning pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, we observed that Tetrapleura tetraptera, Echinops giganteus, Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum melegueta reduced IL-6 secretion. In addition, Xylopia parviflora, Monodora myristica, Zanthoxylum leprieurii, and Xylopia aethiopica reduced IL-8 secretion, while Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum citratum increased it. These findings highlight some interesting properties of these Cameroonian spice extracts in the modulation of cellular parameters relevant to cardiometabolic diseases, which may be further exploited, aiming to develop novel treatment options for these conditions based on nutraceutical products.
Highlights
The use of well-characterized nutraceutical products, in addition to lifestyle changes, is an interesting option for prevention and management of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome [1], especially in milder pathological conditions [2,3]
Preliminary experiments were conducted to assess the effect of 11 Cameroonian spice extracts on the viability of differentiated SW 872 cells by MTS assay and morphological analysis
SW 872 cells show, under basal conditions, an immature phenotype and constitutively express several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) [22]
Summary
The use of well-characterized nutraceutical products, in addition to lifestyle changes, is an interesting option for prevention and management of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome [1], especially in milder pathological conditions [2,3] In this context, dysfunction of the adipose tissue and derangement of adipocyte biology play a pivotal role involving several pathophysiological mechanisms including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and low-grade chronic inflammation. We explored the ability of these extracts to modulate the activity of some enzymes relevant to the control of cardiometabolic functions [5], the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by gastric epithelial cells [6] and glucose uptake and antioxidant activity in human HepG2 cells [7] Based on this knowledge, in this study we extended the evaluation of some potentially useful effects of these Cameroonian spice extracts in the context of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of these spice extracts on triglyceride (TG) accumulation, glucose uptake modulation, antioxidant activity and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release
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