Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential benefits of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities of a methanolic extract of fresh tea leaves (FTE) (Camellia sinensis L.). The antioxidant capacity was investigated using three different methods at different temperatures. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase assay. The anti-hepatotoxic effect was investigated in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the FTE and its principal phenolic compounds were investigated in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) oxidation by a mushroom tyrosinase. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine how the FTE’s principal catechins interact with the tyrosinase. The FTE exhibited the best shelf life at low temperatures and demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase effects compared to positive references. Treatment of rats with the FTE at 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days reversed CCl4-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase by 69% and malondialdehyde by 90%. Our findings suggest that the FTE has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress induced by CCl4 intoxication. The docking results were consistent with our in vitro data, indicating the anti-tyrosinase potency of the principal catechins.
Highlights
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), from both endogenous and exogenous sources, have been implicated in the aetiology of several degenerative diseases, including inflammation and some hepatopathies [1]
At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the fresh tea leaves (FTE) delayed the oxidation of linoleic acid compared to the reference standards and, based on the low absorbance values observed, exhibited significantly higher activity than ascorbic acid (AsA) and the control (p < 0.05) at 30 ◦ C (Figure 1A)
The FTE is most effective at low temperatures and degrades rapidly at high temperatures
Summary
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), from both endogenous and exogenous sources, have been implicated in the aetiology of several degenerative diseases, including inflammation and some hepatopathies [1]. Compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties, scavenging of free radicals, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation are reported to show hepatoprotective activity [3]. Natural antioxidants exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities and have been shown to possess multifunctional pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. It has become evident that phenolic compounds from natural products can reduce oxidative stress by indirect antioxidant action. Various flavonoids, which are found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and some beverages, have been demonstrated to exert antioxidant effects through a number of different mechanisms
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