Abstract
The population of cancer survivors is increasing due to advances in medicine. Achieving an increase in survival is not enough and the focus is on improving the quality of life in all its dimensions, including psychological and spiritual. New psychosocial needs arise in this population. In general, major mental disorders such as major depression or PTSD are rare among survivors, while less severe adjustment disorders such as depression, anxiety or mixed are relatively common. But not only negative changes in quality of life have been described, there are also several positive psychological changes included in the concept of posttraumatic growth. The similarities between descriptions of change in people experiencing posttraumatic growth and the attitude that Mindfulness promotes suggest that Mindfulness training may promote posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors.
Highlights
La población de supervivientes de cáncer va en aumento gracias a los avances de la medicina
New psychosocial needs arise in this population. Major mental disorders such as major depression or PTSD are rare among survivors, while less severe adjustment disorders such as depression, anxiety or mixed are relatively common
Negative changes in quality of life have been described, there are several positive psychological changes included in the concept of posttraumatic growth
Summary
Las implicaciones psicosociales del diagnóstico y tratamiento de un cáncer abarcan diferentes campos, siendo uno de los más estudiados el de la calidad de vida. El uso de estrategias de afrontamiento[51,55] centradas en las relaciones interpersonales (apoyo emocional, instrumental y desahogo), el uso del humor, de la religión, así como la reinterpretación positiva de los hechos, resolución de problemas, reencuadre positivo[47], planear, auto-distracción y aceptación[56], también predicen un mayor desarrollo de CPT. En un estudio cualitativo previo de nuestro grupo[63] los pacientes relataban la experiencia de enfermedad como una experiencia transformadora en el sentido de que por un lado hace más pequeñas preocupaciones o desacuerdos que antes les parecían importantes y por otro lado, intensifica la capacidad de disfrutar de las pequeñas cosas del día a día. Experiencias similares se destacan en otros estudios cualitativos, donde los participantes describen una mayor capacidad para disfrutar de los placeres cotidianos como consecuencia de la conciencia de la cercanía de la muerte[64]
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