Abstract
Despite the continuous improvement of various therapeutic techniques, the overall prognosis of tumors has been significantly improved, but malignant tumors in the middle and advanced stages still cannot be completely cured. It is now evident that cell adhesion-mediated resistance (CAM-DR) limits the success of cancer therapies and is a great obstacle to overcome in the clinic. The interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules or adjacent cells may play a significant role in initiating the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival upon binding to their ligands. Recent studies illustrate that these adhesion-related factors may contribute to the survival of cancer cells after chemotherapeutic therapy, advantageous to resistant cells to proliferate and develop multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular basis of these interactions and the main signal transduction pathways that are involved in the enhancement of the cancer cells’ survival. Furthermore, therapies targeting interactions between cancer cells and their environment to enhance drug response or prevent the emergence of drug resistance will also be discussed.
Highlights
Chemotherapy remains the major treatment of disseminated cancer including hematologic malignancies and metastatic solid tumors
In bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment combined with hypoxia can lead to the continuous activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which eventually leads to drug resistance
In the continuous improvement of tumor clinical treatment, drug resistance has become a non-negligible hotspot, which is a key factor for successful treatment
Summary
Chemotherapy remains the major treatment of disseminated cancer including hematologic malignancies and metastatic solid tumors. Existing studies have shown that the interaction of myeloma cells and tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the treatment of drug resistance, especially CAM-DR (Di Marzo et al, 2016; Ullah, 2019). The expression of some molecules can reduce the proliferation of tumor cells, the production of CAM-DR is consistent with the clinical practice that is not sensitive to the treatment of inert lymphomas, such as DYRK2 (Wang et al, 2015).
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