CALPUFF Modeling of the Influence of Typical Industrial Emissions on PM2.5 in an Urban Area Considering the SOA Transformation Mechanism

Abstract

120 main industrial installations were screened based on the emissions inventory of 2016 in Cangzhou City, and the air pollution effect of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, sulfates, nitrates, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was simulated for 2017 autumn-winter season for different levels of pollution using the CALPUFF model after code recompilation. The results showed that the ratios of the modelled and measured concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were 3.3%, 5.7%, 5.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. The areas most affected by pollution from primary PM10 were the southwest and southeast part of Cangzhou, while sulfate, nitrate, and SOA pollution mainly affected the southeast part. The proportion of SOA in the PM2.5 was around 27.3%, and rose to 29.0% during heavily polluted periods. The aerosols of alkenes, tolune, xylene, and PAH in PM2.5 accouted for 12.1%, 6.0%, 7.0%, and 2.2% of the total aerosols respectively. The result of the simulation of individual enterprises showed that their total contribution to PM2.5 during heavily polluted periods was 3.02 μg·m-3, accounting for 50% of the requirements in the "Three-year Plan" for Cangzhou City (6.00 μg·m-3). The top 5 contributors were 1 Petrochemical industry in Cangzhou (0.41 μg·m-3), 2 Carbon Co. Ltd. (0.29 μg·m-3), 3 Petrochemical industry in Juhai (0.26 μg·m-3), 4 Fertilizer Company (0.23 μg·m-3), 5 Dahua Co. Ltd. (0.19 μg·m-3). These industrial installations were mainly located in Xinhua District, Cangxian, and Bohai New District. This research can provide a scientific ground for production restrictions and limitations and emissions reduction of each industry during heavily polluted periods.