Abstract
The effect of calorie restriction (CR) on the microbiome, fecal metabolome, and colon transcriptome of adult and old male mice was compared. Life-long CR increased microbial diversity and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and prevented the age-related changes in the microbiota, shifting it to a younger microbial and fecal metabolite profile in both C57BL/6JN and B6D2F1 mice. Old mice fed CR were enriched in the Rikenellaceae, S24-7 and Bacteroides families. The changes in the microbiome that occur with age and CR were initiated in the cecum and further modified in the colon. Short-term CR in adult mice had a minor effect on the microbiome but a major effect on the transcriptome of the colon mucosa. These data suggest that CR has a major impact on the physiological status of the gastrointestinal system, maintaining it in a more youthful state, which in turn could result in a more diverse and youthful microbiome.
Highlights
The first and the most studied manipulation shown to increase lifespan in mammals is caloric restriction (CR)
Using male mice obtained from the aging colony maintained by the NIA, we studied the microbiota composition of the cecum and colon of 9- and 24-month old male C57BL/6JN mice fed AL or calorie restriction (CR) by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene
Adult B6D2F1 were not available from the NIA; we were only able to measure the microbiome of the cecum and colon of 24month-old B6D2F1 mice fed either AL or CR, and these data are presented in Table 3S in the supplement
Summary
The first and the most studied manipulation shown to increase lifespan in mammals is caloric restriction (CR). Panels E and F show PCA plots of the microbiome from the cecum and colon, respectively for old C57BL/6JN and B6D2F1 mice fed AL and CR.
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