Abstract
Sustainability means to hold or support. The real essence of sustainability relies on the actions to meet the requirements of present generations in a mindful manner without consuming the non-renewable/conventional resources for the future generations. Along with environmental/natural resources, it emphasizes on social and economic needs. Considering its impact, nanotechnology when combined with green chemistry and engineering becomes a sustainable tool to combat the contemporary environmental, industrial and healthcare issues. Green nanotechnology employs biological molecules, bioactive compounds or organisms for the synthesis of nanomaterials in an eco-friendly manner. These green nanomaterials have improved biocompatibility and reduced toxicity. The 12 principles of green chemistry and nine principles of green engineering, when followed religiously, reduce the harmful impact of chemicals on environment, decrease the cost and enhance the societal impacts, making it sustainable. Current nano-delivery systems are successful; however, they have multitude of side effects, toxicity and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, conventional nanotechnology poses environmental, social and health concerns. Thus, delivery systems which are used to deliver drugs/imaging molecules either in humans/animals or in plants for the delivery of pesticides and fertilizers, when synthesized using green nanotechnology (i.e. callus- or suspension cell-derived bioactive compounds), make it more biocompatible and reduce the systemic toxicity and chances of rejection from the biological systems. However, green nanomaterials have variety of applications in various domains such as energy efficiency, medicines, textiles and agriculture. In this chapter, our prime impetus is on sustainable drug delivery systems synthesized utilizing green nanotechnological (callus-derived secondary metabolites, etc.) protocols and their advances over the past few years.
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