Callimico

Abstract

The Goeldi's monkey ( Callimico goeldii ) is a small‐bodied monkey found in the forests of the western Amazon basin. The Goeldi's monkey belongs to the subfamily Callitrichinae, yet its dental formula (2.1.3.3) and litter size (one) are unique among this taxonomic group. It is rare and cryptic throughout its range, and is often found in dense understory habitats. The Goeldi's monkey regularly consumes fungus, a food item seldom consumed by other primates. These monkeys form small social groups that are often polyandrous. All adult group members help extensively to raise the group's infants, a behavior termed allocare. Both polyandry and extensive allocare are common among callitrichines but are uncommon among other primates. Goeldi's monkeys regularly form polyspecific associations with sympatric species of tamarins.