Abstract
THERE IS A COMMON MISUNDERSTANDING that early Zionist agricultural settlement in Palestine was largely an achievement of Labor Zionism with its collectivist orientation. Actually, most farmers were bourgeois in background or expectation. Toward end of Ottoman rule in Palestine and during British Mandate period, most important export product in Palestine was citrus fruit. Growers sought a profit-earning model applicable to their private farms. The model they discovered and adapted came from America. It was a technologically advanced, free-enterprise agricultural system, which I have termed the California model. This essay will examine different aspects of its implementation in Zionist citriculture and its influence on revision of Labor Zionism's initial attitude toward capitalist methods within Labor Movement.
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