Abstract
This paper examines the historical conditions that influenced the relationship between anthropology and California archaeology, with particular emphasis on how this longstanding association conditioned the goals of archaeological research in the state. One enduring element of this legacy is the wedding of historical linguistic reconstructions with archaeological data to create a California linguistic prehistory. The underlying assumptions of this approach are critically examined using the Wintun Invasion (Whistler 1977) case, and the argument is made that serious methodological difficulties must be overcome if the approach is to yield meaningful reconstructions of the past.
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