Abstract
Abstract Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R 2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the normalized DII (R 2 = 0.81). The findings also indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R 2 = 0.92). Therefore, decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and also to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems.
Highlights
Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
The integration of the remote sensing data analysis was conducted to understand the relationship between the shallow water surfaces and the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
Normalized Depth invariant index (DII) mean values (>4) were found within November 2017 and April and July 2018, whereas lower values were distributed within March to September and late October 2017 and February 2018 (Figure 5)
Summary
Abstract: Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. The findings indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R2 = 0.92). Decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems
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