Abstract
The current high energy cosmic ray detection technology, including Cherenkov telescopes and fluorescence detector, is mainly limited by uncertainties in the determination of atmospheric parameters. LIDARs are currently the best suited technology to get atmospheric parameters for the atmosphere correction of high energy cosmic ray observatory data with one single instrument. A new Multi-wavelength Raman Polarization Lidar (AMPLE) has been developed and introduced in this paper. In order to provide precise and accurate results, lidar system should be calibrated before using for atmosphere correction in cosmic rays observatory. The calibration methods and results of AMPLE have been presented, including overlap function calibration, multi-wavelength channel calibration, depolarization calibration. In order to verify the accuracy of parameter measured by AMPLE lidar system, the comparison with radio sounder and sun-photometer has been done. The results show AMPLE lidar system has the ability to precisely measure the vertical profile of the atmosphere properties without any assumption and is a good choice for cosmic rays observatory to get atmosphere correction information.
Highlights
Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System
The vertical profile of atmosphere affects the production of Cherenkov light
Poor atmospheric quality can result in the loss of Cherenkov light
Summary
Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System. In order to detect high-energy gamma rays, charged particles and neutrinos, some infrastructures are already taking data or will take data, such as H.E.S.S., MAGIC and Pierre Auger Observatory In all these detection, atmosphere can alter the received signal significantly and give misleading results about the energy spectrum of the cosmic rays. Atmospheric corrections has been used in the MAGIC data analysis, which make it possible to extend the effective observation time of MAGIC under adverse atmospheric conditions and reduce the systematic errors of energy and flux in the data analysis [3] Another single-wavelength elastic lidar, operating at 355 nm wavelength, has been used to get atmosphere information in the measurements of the cosmic-ray airshower fluorescence [4]. We have developed a Multi-wavelength Raman polarization Lidar that can be used to get precise atmosphere information for data correction of high energy rays. Our lidar equipment and calibration methods of measurement parameters will be stated
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