Abstract
This paper details the development of a camera calibration method purpose-built for use in photogrammetric survey production. The calibration test field was established in a hangar, where marker coordinates were measured using a high-precision survey methodology guaranteeing very high accuracy. An analytical model for bundle adjustment was developed that does not directly use the coordinates of field calibration markers but integrates bundle adjustment and survey observations into a single process. This solution, as well as a classical calibration method, were implemented in a custom software, for which the C++ source code repository is provided. The method was tested using three industrial cameras. The comparison was drawn towards a baseline method, OpenCV implementation. The results point to the advantages of using the proposed approach utilizing extended bundle adjustment.
Highlights
MotivationPrecise camera calibration is indispensable to photogrammetric calculations, where the accuracy of these calculations translates directly into that of the end product [1]
A series of experiments were designed and conducted to evaluate the physical calibration infrastructure and mathematical models developed in this study
To make our experiments representative, we decided to test the calibration methodology for sensors inducing a broad range of imaging geometry
Summary
Precise camera calibration is indispensable to photogrammetric calculations, where the accuracy of these calculations translates directly into that of the end product [1]. Reasonably designed mechanical and communication interfaces, and easy lens replacement, medium format cameras provide considerable flexibility in use as they can, without great effort, be moved from one system to another and used onboard various kinds of aircraft, like gyrocopters and ultralight planes, including, for the lightest models, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) This versatility demands more frequent camera calibration to maintain sufficient geometric quality of the products. The most commonly used chessboard-style printed calibration test fields are often used in robotics, and allow for the fast and convenient calibration of small industrial cameras Their application to calibrating medium format cameras is unfeasible because they are too small, and do not allow for the long imaging distances required to obtain sharp images with a nearly infinitely focused lens—a typical usage scenario in aerial photogrammetry surveys.
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