Abstract
The liquid argon time projection chamber provides high-resolution event images and excellent calorimetric resolution for studying neutrino physics and searching for beyond-standard-model physics. In this article, we review the main physics processes that affect detector response, including the electronics and field responses, space charge effects, electron attachment to impurities, diffusion, and recombination. We describe methods to measure those effects, which are used to calibrate the detector response and convert the measured raw analog-to-digital converter (ADC) counts into the original energy deposition.
Highlights
The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology provides high-resolution event images and excellent calorimetric resolution for particle identification
The calorimetric information is crucial for particle identification in an LArTPC, such as separating minimum ionizing particles from highly ionizing particles and separating electrons from photons, which is the basis for neutrino cross-section and oscillation measurements and the search for beyond-standard-model physics
Once the spatial distortion map is determined throughout the TPC volume, the electric field distortions caused by the space charge can be computed
Summary
The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology provides high-resolution event images and excellent calorimetric resolution for particle identification. The charged particles produce ionization electrons and scintillation light when they traverse liquid argon. The ionization electrons drift towards the anode planes under the electric field. In the single-phase design, the moving electrons produce current on the time projection chamber (TPC) wires at the anode. Some of the ionization electrons are recombined with surrounding molecular argon ions to form the excimer Ar2∗. The free electrons that escape electron–ion recombination drift towards the wire planes under the electric field. The electrons can be attached to contaminants in the liquid argon, such as oxygen and water, which cause an attenuation of the signal on the TPC wires. The distorted electric field changes the electron–ion recombination rate and the trajectory of the free-drifting electrons. The wire signals are amplified by a preamplifier and digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
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