Calibration of antenna arrays using the extended manifold

Abstract

Parametric calibration of antenna arrays uses mathematical models of the array manifold with adjustable parameters. In this study, the author shows that the standard model used in that array signal processing literature may not be capable of accurate calibration because of the mismatch between the assumed manifold and the true electromagnetic manifold. To improve calibration quality, the author uses the extended array manifold which employs a non-square coupling matrix instead of the square mutual coupling matrix used in the standard model. This new model makes it possible to increase array calibration accuracy to any desired level, at the cost of requiring more calibration sources.