Abstract
This paper presents a built-in calibration procedure of a 10-to-20 GHz polarimeter aimed at measuring the I, Q, U Stokes parameters of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. A full-band square waveguide double directional coupler, mounted in the antenna-feed system, is used to inject differently polarized reference waves. A brief description of the polarimetric microwave radiometer and the system calibration injector is also reported. A fully polarimetric calibration is also possible using the designed double directional coupler, although the presented calibration method in this paper is proposed to obtain three of the four Stokes parameters with the introduced microwave receiver, since V parameter is expected to be zero for the CMB radiation. Experimental results are presented for linearly polarized input waves in order to validate the built-in calibration system.
Highlights
Polarimetric Microwave RadiometerRemote sensing applications employ sensitive instruments to fulfill the scientific goals of dedicated missions or projects, either space or terrestrial
This paper presents a built-in calibrator system based on the injection of signals through a broadband double directional coupler (DDC) [35,36] for a polarimetric radiometer working in 10 to 14 GHz and 16 to 20 GHz bands
The receiver is working as a total power radiometer and the transmitted signal power is set according to the receiver dynamic range, the phase switches in the back-end module (BEM) can be used to modulate the incoming signal in a coherent detection in order to detect weaker signals
Summary
Remote sensing applications employ sensitive instruments to fulfill the scientific goals of dedicated missions or projects, either space or terrestrial. The involved instruments can be divided into two primary types: passive and active sensors [1]. They basically differ in the manner of measuring the radiation from the object. Active sensors illuminate the object under observation and the instrument measures the reflected radiation from the object. Typical remote sensing applications cover a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from 380 nm to 1 m wavelengths, including the visible light up to 780 nm, infrared (from 780 nm to 0.1 mm), terahertz and microwave ranges [1]
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