Abstract
An obligately anaerobic, xylanolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium, strain JW/HY-331(T), was isolated from sheep faeces collected from a farm at the University of Georgia, USA. Cells of strain JW/HY-331(T) stained Gram-positive and were catalase-negative, non-motile rods. Single terminal endospores (0.4-0.6 mum in diameter) swelled the mother cell. Growth ranges were 44-77 degrees C (optimum 70 degrees C at pH(70 degrees C) 7.2) and pH(70 degrees C) 5.9-8.6 (optimum 7.2 at 70 degrees C). Salt tolerance was 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. No growth was observed at or below 42 degrees C or at or above 79 degrees C or at pH(70 degrees C) 5.7 and below or 8.9 and above. In the presence of 0.3 % yeast extract and 0.1 % tryptone, strain JW/HY-331(T) utilized xylose, glucose, galactose, cellobiose, raffinose and xylan as carbon and energy sources, but not dextran, soluble potato starch, CM-cellulose, cellulose powder, casein or Casamino acids. Fermentation products from glucose were lactate, acetate, ethanol, CO2 and H2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.4 mol% (HPLC). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). No respiratory quinones were detected. The cell-wall structure was a single layer (Gram-type positive) of the peptidoglycan type A1gamma; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 'Catabacter hongkongensis' HKU16 (85.4 % similarity), Caloramator fervidus ATCC 43204(T) (84.2 %) and Caloranaerobacter azorensis MV1087(T) (83.4 %) were the closest relatives, but they were only distantly related to strain JW/HY-331(T). On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, isolate JW/HY-331(T) (=DSM 21659(T) =ATCC BAA-1711(T)) is proposed as the type strain of Caldicoprobacter oshimai gen. nov., sp. nov., placed in Caldicoprobacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Clostridiales of the phylum Firmicutes.
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