Caldera collapse and flank eruption

Abstract

Volcanology Real-time monitoring of volcanic eruptions involving caldera-forming events are rare (see the Perspective by Sigmundsson). Anderson et al. used several types of geophysical observations to track the caldera-forming collapse at the top of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, during the 2018 eruption. Gansecki et al. used near–real-time lava composition analysis to determine when magma shifted from highly viscous, slow-moving lava to low-viscosity, fast-moving lava. Patrick et al. used a range of geophysical tools to connect processes at the summit to lava rates coming out of far-away fissures. Together, the three studies improve caldera-collapse models and may help improve real-time hazard responses. Science , this issue p. [1225][1], p. [eaaz0147][2], p. [eaay9070][3]; p. [eaaz1822][4]; see also p. [1200][5] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aax9406 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz0147 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay9070 [4]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz1822 [5]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz7126