Abstract
It is recommended to treat staghorn calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) either alone or in combination with Extra Corporeal Shockwave Lithotrips (ESWL). Antegrade or retrograde fibroscopy, multiple accesses could also improve PCNL stone-free rates. ESWL alone is limited to partial staghorn calculi in adults or to staghorn calculi in children. Open surgery has more or less completely passed.
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