Abstract

The quantitative interpretation of the contrast of electron micrographs of amorphous or partially crystalline materials depends on the use of an adequate basis of diffraction- and imaging theory. The treatment due to Zeitler and Bahr, which assumes contrast to arise from a pure absorption effect, appears to be a good approximation for calculating the contrast of thin amorphous films with thickness and composition uniform over regions 100Å or more in diameter, but when the scattering properties of the specimen vary over distances of about 10Å or less then phase-contrast predominates.In order to evaluate the relative importance of these contrast mechanisms for objects now being considered for quantitative study, we have made detailed calculations for model systems designed to represent negatively stained cylindrical rod molecules of protein or similar material. The rods have diameters of 10 to 100Å and the negative staining (one NaW03 molecule in 100Å) is assumed to change the refractive Index and absorption function of the surrounding material.

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