Abstract
This paper presents convenient analytical expressions for the proportion of sky seen by windows shaded by horizontal or vertical projections of any width and of finite or infinite length. The projections may be offset from the window edge, and horizontal projections may be placed asymmetrically over the window. These expressions can be used to calculate the diffuse radiation incident on the shaded window, assuming that the radiation is isotropically distributed. Comparisons with other less general or less convenient methods show excellent agreement. The errors involved in using the simpler expressions for infinite-width projections to describe finite-width projections are quantified, and are found to be small in practical cases.
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