Calculation of the Mass of the Universe, the Radius of the Universe, the Age of the Universe and the Quantum of Speed

Abstract

The universe is vast and when we look at the sky, its parameters (dimensions, mass, and age) seems limitless. Lemaitre proposed that the universe began from a primeval-atom [1] which was later ironically nicknamed by Hoyle “Big Bang” in a BBC broadcast in 1949 [2]. From general relativity, Einstein proposed a cosmological model [3] with a spatially finite universe. He assumed a uniform distribution of matter in a huge 4-D sphere. Even if his equations were showing that the universe was either contracting or expanding, Einstein introduced the “cosmological constant” in his equation to force the universe to be static (being consistent with the general way of thinking of his time). In 1929, from observations of galaxies, Hubble found that the universe was expanding. From that moment, Einstein discarded his cosmological constant as an unnecessary fudge factor. Many cosmological models have been built over time. Each of them excels in explaining some aspects of the universe. We consider that the global topology of the universe is not known, but making the assumptions that it is relatively homogenous and isotropic, its extrapolated local topology leads us to some global “apparent” parameters. From our new cosmological model, we calculate the main parameters of the universe which are its apparent mass mu, its apparent curving radius Ru, its apparent age Tu and the “quantum of speed” ev. The quantum of speed is a new notion in physics. It is the smallest speed increment that may exist. For metrology purposes, we calculate these parameters from the most precise physics’ parameters available.