Calculation of the Effective Energy Release Centerʼs Position of Inorganic Scintillation Detectors for Calibration at Small “Source–Detector” Distances

Abstract

Inorganic scintillation detectors are widely used to measure of dose rate in the environment due to their high sensitivity to photon radiation. A distinctive feature when using such detectors is the need to take into account of the position of the effective energy release center. This peculiarity is actual when using measuring instruments with inorganic scintillation detectors as working standards during calibration at short “source–detector” distances in conditions of low-background shield or using a facility with protection from external gamma radiation background in the dose rate range from 0.03 to 0.3 μSv/h (μGy/h). The purpose of this work was to calculate the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors and to take it into account when working at short “source–detector” distances.An original method of determining the position of the effective energy release center when irradiating the side and end surfaces of inorganic scintillation detector with parallel gamma radiation flux and point gamma radiation sources at small “source–detector” distances using Monte Carlo methods is proposed. The results of calculations of the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) based detectors of “popular” sizes for the cases of parallel gamma radiation flux and point sources of gamma radiation at small “source–detector” distances are presented. The functional dependences of the position of the effective energy release center of NaI(Tl) based detectors on the distance to the point gamma radiation sources and the energy of gamma radiation sources are presented.As a result of the study it was found that for scintillation NaI(Tl) detectors of medium size (for example, Ø25×40 mm or Ø40×40 mm) the point gamma radiation source located at a distance of 1 m or more, creates a radiation field which does not differ in characteristics from the radiation field created by a parallel flux of gamma radiation. It is shown that approaching the point gamma radiation source to the surface of scintillation detector leads to displacement of the position of the effective energy release center to the surface of the detector.