Abstract
Cargo securing on a railway platform, elastic and retention fasteners, longitudinal transport force of inertia, forces in elastic fastenings. Purpose: The paper presents the calculation of the longitudinal transport force of inertia; determines the longitudinal force perceived by the elastic elements of the cargo securing; determines the reactions of retention bars depending on the number of bars and fasteners (nail); calculates the sum of all holding forces; calculates the forces in the elastic fasteners when exposed to longitudinal forces. Research methods: To determine the forces in the cargo securing devices, existing calculation methods are used. Moreover, the formulas of these techniques are presented in a form convenient for calculation. Main results: The paper proves that according to the existing method, the force in all elastic cargo fasteners under the influence of longitudinal forces has the same value, regardless of the different arrangement of the geometric parameters of the fasteners in space. The forces in them are more than 1.6 times higher than the permissible values. The calculations of forces in the elastic fasteners, which are performed by the specified method, are given. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the forces in all wire fasteners, in contrast to the existing calculation method, have different values. However, the strength of the second pair of wire fasteners of both one and the other direction is not ensured - the force in them more than two times exceeds the permissible value (61/24.8≈2.5), which will result in their destruction during the cargo transportation. Conclusions and their significance for the industry: Existing calculation methods do not provide guarantee strength of cargo fasteners. In the future, to calculate the fastening of cargo by shippers in the railway industry, a new calculation procedure should be applied for the allocation and fastening of cargo on the car.
Highlights
Cargo securing on rolling stock is a well-known problem [1 - 22]
An analysis of the results of the calculated values of the forces in the elastic fasteners by the formulas (1) and (2) from Appendix 3 in [11] makes it possible to note that the forces in all wire fasteners, in contrast to the existing calculation method (see formula (11)), have different values, which correspond to reality
The sequence of calculating the longitudinal forces perceived by the wire fasteners of the cargo is described, which made it possible to find the forces in the wire fasteners of the cargo according to the existing methods for calculating the fastening [5, 11, 14]
Summary
Cargo securing on rolling stock is a well-known problem [1 - 22]. So, for example, in [1], particular attention was paid to the calculation of the retention element (retention bar) of cargo securing. During vibration with a frequency of 30 Hz, the coefficient of friction between the contacting surfaces of the cargo and the floor of the car decreases by almost 30%, which is the reason for the longitudinal and transverse shear of cargo in the car. These results were not taken into account in [11]. In [5], using the concepts of “shear” and “holding” forces for the first time, an example is given of calculating the fastening of piece cargo on a platform when the shear of a cargo is held by a wooden bar nailed to the floor of the car. Object calculate the longitudinal transport force of inertia and calculate the friction force of adhesion from the gravity of a cargo; calculate the longitudinal force perceived by the elastic fastening elements of a cargo and find the friction force of adhesion from the forces of the preliminary twists of the fastening wire; determine the reactions of the retention bars depending on the number of bars and fasteners (nail) and calculate the holding forces that prevent the shear of the cargo along the car; calculate the sum of all the holding forces that are perceived by the elastic fastening elements and retention bars; determine the difference between the shear and holding forces as a longitudinal force; calculate the forces in the elastic fasteners when exposed to longitudinal forces
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