Calculation of embodied energy in Sino-USA trade: 1997–2011

Abstract

In order to find efficient trade measures to reduce China׳s energy consumption and to provide theoretical support for the climate talks between China and America, we investigate the impact of Sino-USA trade on energy consumption from the perspective of embodied energy. An Environmental Input–Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model was established to calculate the total energy consumption coefficient, the direct consumption coefficient and the complete consumption coefficient of the sectors of the national economies of China and America. After taking into consideration the data of every sector of the national economy in Sino-USA trade, energy embodied in the import and export trade between China and America was calculated to verify the real energy flows in Sino-USA trade. The research results suggest the following: China is the net exporter of embodied energy in Sino-USA trade, and coal, crude oil and natural gas are the major components. In 1997–2011, the net exports of China׳s embodied energy totaled 1523,082,200t of standard coal, the amount of China׳s energy consumption increased by 895,527,900t of standard coal, and America׳s energy consumption decreased by 11,871,200t of standard coal as a result of Sino-USA trade. On this basis, corresponding policies and recommendations are proposed.