Abstract
The work deals with the problem of aspherical surfaces in optics. General relations for the calculation of wave aberration, ray aberrations and the influence of change of radius of the reference sphere on the wave aberration of a normal to aspherical surface are derived. Furthermore, general formulas are derived for the calculation of the direction of the normal to the aspherical surface in case that the directions of the incident and the reflected (or refracted) rays are known. These equations are of a high importance for the design and manufacturing process of aspherical surfaces, design and adjustment of compensation optics in interferometric measurements of aspherical surfaces, measurement of aspherical surfaces by deflectometry, etc.
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