Abstract
During the final approach, the headwind leads to a reduction of landing rate, which affects the achieved capacity and the predictability of operation, time, fuel efficiency, and environmental pollution. Under headwind conditions, ground speed decrease results in increased flight time. Time-based separation (TBS) changes the separation rule of the final approach, which changes the distance separation between two aircrafts into a time separation. This paper introduces the time-based separation (TBS) based on the distance-based separation (DBS). According to the aircraft landing schedule of each airport, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) aircraft engine emission database, Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2), and meteorological data of Pu-dong airport, this study uses the modified P3-T3 aviation pollutant emission model to calculate, respectively, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions based on distance separation mode and time separation mode. According to the calculation results, TBS operation mode can save 32.52%, 19.12%, and 30.41% fuel, reduce 28.93%, 17.9%, and 29.29% CO, 31.02%, 19.36%, and 33.78% HC, 30.85%, 16.42%, and 28.67% NOx, respectively, compared with the DBS operation mode at three stages of the day. It ends that TBS has an obvious optimization effect on fuel consumption and pollutant emission compared with DBS from data.
Highlights
During the final approach, the headwind leads to a reduction of landing rate, which affects the achieved capacity and the predictability of operation, time, fuel efficiency, and environmental pollution
According to the aircraft landing schedule of each airport, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) aircraft engine emission database, Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2), and meteorological data of Pudong airport, this study uses the modified P3-T3 aviation pollutant emission model to calculate, respectively, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions based on distance separation mode and time separation mode
It ends that Time-Based Separation (TBS) has an obvious optimization effect on fuel consumption and pollutant emission compared with distance-based separation (DBS) from data
Summary
Pollutant Emission Correction Index of Different Types of Engines in Approach Phase. E study uses BFFM2 to calculate the fuel flow and pollutant emission index. Under international standard atmospheric conditions, the fuel flow and pollutant emission indices are based on the ideal LTO cycle. According to the reference emission data of the engine ground test published by ICAO, with the help of the engine performance model, we obtain the relevant thermodynamic parameters under actual operational conditions and the estimation model of the above three engine pollutant emission indexes. E pollutant emission index of taxing aircraft engines is related to airport ambient pressure, ambient temperature, saturated vapor pressure, and atmospheric relative humidity. In Engineering Data Management System (EDMS) version 5.0.1, the BFFM2 method uses the Goff-Gratch equation to calculate saturated vapor pressure; the EDMS version 5.0.2 is modified by the Magnus Hedden equation to calculate saturated vapor pressure [23]. e EDMS version 5.0.2 changes the exponential equation of humidity correction coefficient to equation (7), where PV is the saturation pressure of water vapor (kPa), T is the ambient temperature (°C), a 7.5, b 237.3, φ is the relative humidity of the atmosphere, p is the total ambient pressure (kPa), and H is the humidity correction factor
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