Calculating adult sex ratios from observed breeding sex ratios for wide‐ranging, intermittently breeding species

Abstract

AbstractA sex ratio is one of the most basic demographic estimates produced because it is easy to collect and provides deeper insight into population dynamics for the species under consideration. For inconsistently or intermittently breeding species, the breeding sex ratio (BSR) and adult sex ratio (ASR), both reported as the proportion of males, can be quite different. The entire adult population of some wide‐ranging species may never be present and capable of being sampled in the same time and place. We explore equations to indirectly estimate ASRs and annual abundance estimates from annual surveys of BSRs. We sampled Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) from 2013 through 2019 and implanted acoustic transmitters during those sampling periods. The BSRs calculated during capture from 2015 through 2019 were 0.65, 0.75, 0.69, 0.75, and 0.64 each year. Relying on telemetry detections from the lowest potential spawning region, the expected BSRs in the same years were 0.64, 0.74, 0.67, 0.69, and 0.60, suggesting telemetry is a reliable and passive way to estimate BSR. The BSRs were used to indirectly estimate ASR to be approximately 0.51 (95% confidence limits of 0.43–0.58). Estimates of annual abundance derived through sex ratios matched previously published mark–recapture estimates of the same breeding population, but provide additional detail on abundances of each sex. For populations where BSR is more accessible, ASR and abundance estimates can be estimated with capture data and acoustic telemetry.