Calcium supply of adolescent girls and sucrose-lactose imbalance in nutrition

Abstract

Ensuring calcium homeostasis is a complex metabolic process. Its impairment, especially in childhood and adolescence, is manifested by numerous changes in the functioning of most organism systems, which are difficult to restore in later periods of life. The goal of this research was to study the characteristics of calcium and disaccharide consumption by adolescent girls and to identify the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the influence of sucrose-lactose imbalance on calcium supply. Material and methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. In this study, teen girls aged 11-14 years without an established diagnosis of lactase insufficiency, living in urban areas, took part on a voluntary basis in the autumn period (n=136, of which 40 were Adyghes, 45 Chechens, other nationalities, mainly Russian - 51). Three-day diets were analyzed, physiological manifestations of calcium deficiency and taste sensitivity to sucrose were evaluated, the CFRt indices (sum of carious, filled and removed permanent teeth) were calculated, and calciuria was studied according to the Sulkovich test in the morning portion of urine. Results. It has been established that the consumption of milk and dairy products by adolescents does not meet physiological standards, which leads to the 2.2 fold decrease in their contribution to calcium provision and to the risk of insufficient milk calcium consumption (RIC Camilk). In the nutrient status of adolescents, regardless of nationality and region of residence, the syndrome of sucrose-lactose imbalance (SLI) was revealed: the 1.4 fold excess of sucrose consumption and 2.1 fold decrease in lactose consumption compared with optimal values. For further analysis, the children were divided into groups, variable in the combination of RIC Camilk and SLI of varying severity: group 1LL - low RIC Camilk and low SLI; group 2LM - low RIC Camilk and moderate SLI, group 3MM - moderate RIC Camilk and moderate SLI; group 4MH - moderate RIC Camilk and high SLI, and group 5HH - high RIC Camilk and high SLI. The analysis of the data showed that higher levels of SLI (groups 2LM and 4MH) at the same levels of RIC Camilk (groups 1LL and 3MM) reduce calcium bioavailability, impair calcium metabolism and increase the prevalence and severity of physiological manifestations of calcium insufficiency by 1.5 and 1.4 fold, and dental diseases estimated using the CFRt index - by 1.2 and 1.6 fold. The prevalence of low taste sensitivity to sucrose in 5HH group was 1.4 fold higher compared to 4MH group. Against the background of excessive consumption of added sugars, calciuria didn't significantly differ in groups with different levels of calcium intake. Conclusion. Based on the assessment of nutrition, teen girls showed SLI syndrome and high RIC Camilk. SLI reduces calcium availability, increasing the prevalence of calcium insufficiency symptoms in adolescent girls with moderate and high RIC Camilk.