Abstract
The solubility of calcium sulfate dihydrate, which by precipitation can impede reverse osmosis (RO) processes, was determined at 25°C in three typical brackish water compositions and their concentrates. These waters corresponded to those used in U.S. Office of Saline Water (OSW) RO plants at Gillette, Wyoming, and Webster, South Dakota, and that of a post-irrigation water from the Wellton-Mohawk Canal in Arizona. Sodium hexametaphosphate was shown, when added in small amounts, to produce an apparent increase in the saturation concentration of CaSO 4. Later, this concentration decreased to the solubility in the absence of the additive. Calculations of maximum water recoveries and other parameters of direct application to RO processes are presented.
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