Abstract
Calcium soap is potentially used as fat supplements for ruminants since it contains high concentration of fat and calcium that are useful for ruminants. The consumption of calcium soap may increase the yield and the fat content of milk, as well as increase the ruminant’s fertility. Calcium soap can be produced from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), which is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining process, and calcium oxide (CaO). In this study, the effect of CaO quality on the acid value of the product has been observed. It was found that the reaction with lower concentration of active calcium of CaO resulted in products with a higher acid value, which indicates a lower reaction conversion. Thus, the produced calcium soap requires further treatment in order to remove the unreacted calcium and free fatty acid. Washing with hexane followed by either vacuum or convection drying has been found to be able to reduce the acid value of the product significantly.
Highlights
Calcium soap can be used as supplement for ruminants since it contains high concentrations of fat and calcium that are useful for ruminants
The quality of calcium oxide (CaO) which may vary due to source of production can be determined with titration method using sulfuric acid after CaO is dissolved in a solution of sucrose to calculate the amount of calcium in the form of oxide
CaO utilized as a raw material needs to be analyzed before reacted with fatty acids to produce calcium soap
Summary
Calcium soap can be used as supplement for ruminants since it contains high concentrations of fat and calcium that are useful for ruminants. Calcium soap is produced from the reaction between fatty acid and calcium source. Previous study reported that it was preferable to use the naturally source of fatty acids as raw material to produce calcium soap, such as beef or mutton tallow, palm oil, or lard [1]. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) can be potentially used as raw material for the production of calcium soap since the fat content in PFAD can reach 81.7% [2]. A previous study compared the possibility of using Ca(OH) and CaO as calcium sources, and concluded that the use of CaO resulted in a higher reaction conversion [6]. This study discusses the effect of CaO quality on the acid value of the product, which reflects the reaction conversion. Possible additional treatments, such as washing and drying, to decrease acid value of the product after reaction have been explored
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
