Abstract
Electrospinning technology allows fabrication of nano- or microfibrous fibers with inorganic and organic matrix and it is widely applied in bone tissue engineering as it allows precise control over the shapes and structures of the fibers. Natural bone has an ordered composition of organic fibers with dispersion of inorganic apatite among them. In this study, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) mats were fabricated with electrospinning and coated with chitosan (CH)/calcium silicate (CS) mixer. The microstructure, chemical component, and contact angle of CS/CH-PLA composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro, various CS/CH-coated PLA mats increased the formation of hydroxyapatite on the specimens’ surface when soaked in cell cultured medium. During culture, several biological characteristics of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on CS/CH-PLA groups were promoted as compared to those on pure PLA mat. Increased secretion levels of Collagen I and fibronectin were observed in calcium silicate-powder content. Furthermore, with comparison to PLA mats without CS/CH, CS10 and CS15 mats markedly enhanced the proliferation of hMSCs and their osteogenesis properties, which was characterized by osteogenic-related gene expression. These results clearly demonstrated that the biodegradable and electroactive CS/CH-PLA composite mats are an ideal and suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionTissue engineering is an emerging trend that has been extensively studied in past few decades
Tissue engineering is an emerging trend that has been extensively studied in past few decades.It aims to develop biological materials that is able to restore, support, and promote tissue and organ regeneration, which involves cell recruitment, growth, proliferation, and differentiation [1].Electrospinning technology allows for the fabrication of nano- or microfibrous fibers with inorganic and organic matrix and is widely applied in bone tissue engineering, as the process allows for precise control over the shapes and structures of the fibers [2,3]
poly lactic acid (PLA) mat was created via electrospinning, and CH/calcium silicate (CS) mixer was dropped on the mat surface as a simple method of surface coating
Summary
Tissue engineering is an emerging trend that has been extensively studied in past few decades. Electrospinning technology allows for the fabrication of nano- or microfibrous fibers with inorganic and organic matrix and is widely applied in bone tissue engineering, as the process allows for precise control over the shapes and structures of the fibers [2,3]. Recent reviews focus on the types of materials that can be eletrospun, and there is an increasing interest in the use of synthetic biodegradable polymers [4]. Among all the biodegradable materials, PLA is one of the most promising and common bio-polymers [2,6] that can be used in textile, drug-carrier, and implant applications. Recent studies indicate that PLA-based biomaterials have been used in the automotive, communication, and electronic industries, where a higher level of durability is required. Despite its excellent physical properties, PLA is a strongly hydrophobic material that exhibits weak cell-cell interactions and cell signaling, which greatly reducing its suitability as a biomaterial [10]
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