Abstract
Nowadays, high epidemic obesity-triggered hypertension and diabetes seriously damage social public health. There is now a general consensus that the body’s fat content exceeding a certain threshold can lead to obesity. Calcium ion is one of the most abundant ions in the human body. A large number of studies have shown that calcium signaling could play a major role in increasing energy consumption by enhancing the metabolism and the differentiation of adipocytes and reducing food intake through regulating neuronal excitability, thereby effectively decreasing the occurrence of obesity. In this paper, we review multiple calcium signaling pathways, including the IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)-Ca2+ (calcium ion) pathway, the p38-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, and the calmodulin binding pathway, which are involved in biological clock, intestinal microbial activity, and nerve excitability to regulate food intake, metabolism, and differentiation of adipocytes in mammals, resulting in the improvement of obesity.
Highlights
As an important signaling molecule in cells, calcium ion (Ca2+) participates in regulating some important physiological activities in the human body, including the nervous system excitability, the contraction of muscles, the intestinal microbial activity, the activity of enzymes, and the biological clock [1,2]
Current studies indicate that obesity is monitored by a variety of factors, whether it is intestinal microbial regulation, biological clock regulation, or central nervous system regulation, which are not separable from the calcium signaling pathways (Figure 2)
Regulating calcium signaling pathways can affect the development of the central nervous system and regulate the excitability of feeding neurons in the hypothalamus to affect the feeding process of animals to reduce energy intake, thereby reducing the occurrence of obesity
Summary
As an important signaling molecule in cells, calcium ion (Ca2+) participates in regulating some important physiological activities in the human body, including the nervous system excitability, the contraction of muscles, the intestinal microbial activity, the activity of enzymes, and the biological clock [1,2]. After combining Brailou’s results, Price proposed that the interaction of Nesfatin-1 and the G-protein coupled receptors in the hypothalamus could promote calcium ions influx and excite neurons to inhibit the feeding process of animals by enhancing the opening of L-type calcium channels or activating the PKA signaling pathway to reduce obesity.
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