Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the free calcium released from different brands of toothpaste after incorporation with a beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mixed powder and with β-TCP powder alone. Four brands of toothpaste were used for the experiment: Nano-Bio Activation Toothpaste, Colgate Total Advanced Whitening Toothpaste, BORONIA Herbal Whitening, and BioMin F. The investigated β-TCP and ACP powders were prepared by a two-step sintering method using raw coral material. Analytical results found that the mean calcium concentration of the β-TCP/ACP (2:1) powder in deionized water was 3.4% when the pH was between 5 and 9. Moreover, statistical results revealed that the toothpaste containing β-TCP powder had significantly higher calcium concentrations than the normal toothpaste. The toothpaste containing mixed β-TCP/ACP powder had a higher calcium concentration than the toothpaste containing only β-TCP powder. Twice as much free calcium could be released from β-TCP/ACP toothpaste than from β-TCP-only toothpaste. Thus, toothpaste containing β-TCP/ACP mixed powder offers greater benefits to facilitate the remineralization of enamel than toothpaste containing only β-TCP.
Highlights
The human oral environment undergoes a dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization every day
We observed that the raw material resembled the structure of calcium phosphate (CaP) closely, indicating that TCP accounted for most of the TCP/HAP biphasic coral powder
The results show a broadband of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) presence in the X-ray diffractometry (XRD) pattern
Summary
The human oral environment undergoes a dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization every day. An acidic oral environment causes demineralization of the tooth surface, leading to caries, periodontal disease, and tooth sensitivity. Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals on the surface of teeth are dissolved by the acidic environment, causing a loss of calcium ions. The oral environment can be made to return to neutral by performing oral cleaning, halting tooth surface demineralization. The free calcium and phosphate in the saliva will re-enter the tooth surface to form a protective layer of CaP crystals in a remineralization process [1,2,3]. Calcium ions are a crucial element of the oral environment since their presence can promote the formation of CaP crystals inside the teeth during the remineralization process
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
