Calcium-Ion Materials: A Next Generation MV Energy Storage System

Abstract

Next-generation energy storage materials are an important step towards creating new chemistries and identifying new phenomena that can alter the energy storage landscape. While lithium-ion systems have been with us for nearly 50 years since the groundbreaking work of Whittingham on titanium disulfide, systems based on alternatives to lithium have been far less studied. While the performance metrics of lithium-ion systems has been well recognized, systems based on sodium, magnesium, or calcium are still in their infancy with only hints of their potential. For instance, sodium-ion systems haver the advantage that sodium does not react with aluminum at room temperature and thus significant costs savings can be seen for the anode-side current collector foils. Various researchers have shown that Mg+2 has high mobility in spinel frameworks and that its rate capability may be similar to lithium ion systems. In this presentation, we will highlight recent advances in calcium-ion chemistry and relate the observed performance to the underlying properties of the various host frameworks. Issues connecting the electrochemical properties to system level issues and other cell components will be addressed. Figure 1