Calcium Intake modulates obesity phenotypes in African American children possessing risk alleles for development of type 2 diabetes (767.11)

Abstract

Objective: Explore whether total calcium consumption modulates obesity phenotypes in African American children (AA) possessing risk alleles for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: 142 AA children (5 to 9 yrs) were genotyped for alleles associated with increased risk of developing T2D. 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen from published GWAS to identify T2D risk loci. We evaluated three obesity phenotypes; body mass index percentile and, using DXA, percent fat, and total body fat/height. Assessments of nutritional intake (milk, dairy, and total calcium) were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and then evaluated to assess their effect on the significant outcome/SNP relationships. All analyses used linear or quantile regression models.Results: We found significant relationships between body fat outcomes and 5 SNPs (ADAMTS9‐AS2, CDC123, PRC1, ZMIZ1, and rs7560163). Assessment of the effect of nutritional intake showed that total calcium intake normalized for body weight was a highly significant predictor of body fat and a significant modifier of the outcome/SNP effect.Conclusions: In AA children, calcium intake modulates obesity phenotypes in individuals possessing risk alleles associated with development of T2D. Expansion of this research may help identify individuals for whom increased calcium intake will have the most beneficial effect.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute