Calcium intake and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in French women

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate dietary calcium intake in postmenopausal women over 45 years of age and compare intake according to osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture history. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women over 45 years in the general population was conducted using a stratified random sampling method and face-to-face interviews. Information was collected on osteoporosis diagnosis, fracture history and risk factors. Information on dietary calcium intake was collected using a validated questionnaire. Results Two thousand six hundred and thirty-one women (mean age: 67.9 ± 10.0 years) were included. Two hundred and fifty-four (9.7%) had received a diagnosis of osteoporosis by bone densitometry, of whom 154 (45.3%) reported at least one previous fracture. Total mean daily dietary calcium intake was 754 mg/day, of which dairy products (milk, cheese and others) were the principal source. Overall, 37.2% of the sample consumed < 600 mg/day and 20.1% > 1000 mg/d. The proportion of women consuming < 600 mg/day increased with age ( p = 0.0028). No difference in mean daily calcium intake was observed between women with or without a diagnosis of osteoporosis or with or without fractures. Conclusions Mean dietary calcium intake in this population is well below that recommended in current national guidelines (≥ 1500 mg/day), notably in those most at risk for fractures, such as women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis or those in older age groups. Intake does not appear to be influenced by osteoporosis diagnosis or fracture experience.