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Abstract
Several models considering the pulverized sorbent reactions with pollutant gases were developed over the past years. In this paper, we present a detailed overview of available models for direct furnace injection of pulverized calcium sorbent suitable for potential application in CFD codes, with respect to implementation difficulty and computational resources demand. Depending on the model, variations in result accuracy, data output, and computational power required may occur. Some authors separate the model of calcination reaction, combined with the sintering model, and afterwards model the sulfation. Other authors assume the calcination to be instantaneous, and focus the modelling efforts toward the sulfation reaction, adding the sintering effects as a parameter in the efficiency coefficient. Simple models quantify the reaction effects, while more complex models attempt to describe and explain internal particle reactions through different approaches to modelling of the particle internal structure.
Highlights
It is well known that production of electric energy by coal combustion is a significant contributor to the release of pollutant gases in the atmosphere, among which sulfur oxides are present
The internal particle surface corresponds to the specific surface area of the powder, and coefficients used in equations for particle surface development or sintering in models are determined by authors based on the experimental data for the case-study sorbents [1] or obtained above the burner tiers [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The computational resource requirements are usually low in these models, but the application is limited to a range of operating condition and sorbent types, and in order to utilize models the coefficients for each new type of sorbent must be experimentally determined
Summary
It is well known that production of electric energy by coal combustion is a significant contributor to the release of pollutant gases in the atmosphere, among which sulfur oxides are present. To better understand the process many authors have undertaken a significant amount of experimental and theoretical work in order to broaden the knowledge on the sorbent behavior under furnace injection conditions This resulted in several different modelling approaches to the problem. The internal particle surface corresponds to the specific surface area of the powder, and coefficients used in equations for particle surface development or sintering in models are determined by authors based on the experimental data for the case-study sorbents [1] or obtained above the burner tiers [1,2,3,4,5,6] This application of the sorbent is commonly called FSI. Other technologies consider sorbent injection in the duct further down the gas canal (ESI, DSI), [6,7] where local temperatures are lower
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