Abstract
Determining calcium bioavailability is important in establishing dietary calcium requirements. In infants and small children, previously conducted mass balance studies have largely been replaced by stable isotope-based studies. The ability to assess calcium absorption using a relatively short 24-hour urine collection without the need for multiple blood samples or fecal collections is a major advantage to this technique. The results of these studies have demonstrated relatively small differences in calcium absorption efficiency between human milk and currently available cow milk-based infant formulas. In older children with a calcium intake typical of Western diets, calcium absorption is adequate to meet bone mineral accretion requirements.
Highlights
Assessment of Calcium Absorption in ChildrenThe determination of calcium requirements in children has largely been done through the evaluation of the amount of calcium absorbed and retained
In most circumstances, calcium intake is difficult to accurately measure in breast-fed infants. Dietary surveys, such as the NHANES survey related to calcium intakes in older infants usually are principally sampling formula-fed infants who are the predominant group of older infants in the United
Calcium Absorption from Infant Formula Compared to Human Milk
Summary
The determination of calcium requirements in children has largely been done through the evaluation of the amount of calcium absorbed and retained (factorial methodology). Very few studies have evaluated outcomes from calcium supplementation other than those related to bone mineralization in infants and children It is Nutrients 2010, 2 important to accurately assess both calcium intake and calcium absorption in order to develop rational values for a factorial determination of calcium requirements. Two alternative techniques can be applied to the assessment of calcium absorption and accretion in infants and small children The first of these is the dual-tracer stable isotope technique [2,3]. What is measured integrates the changes in calcium absorption over the multiple months of the study and is not a sensitive method to assess differences related to type of infant feeding or any short-term individual dietary manipulation
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