Calcitriol, the Active Metabolite of Vitamin D3, Inhibits Dry Eye Related Corneal Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

Abstract

ABSTRACTPurpose: To examine the influence of topical administration of calcitriol on dry eye (DE) related corneal inflammation.Methods: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC, 0.2%) was applied to induce DE. Then rats were treated topically with calcitriol (10−6μM). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score, inflammatory index, and tear volume were measured. Corneal epithelium damage and corneal inflammation were examined by H&E staining or RT-qPCR. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (iHCEC) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) with various concentrations of calcitriol. Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured by RT-qPCR or ELISA. NF-κB activation was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.Results: Calcitriol significantly ameliorated DE symptoms, attenuating corneal inflammation. In vitro studies showed that calcitriol significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in iHCECs under hyperosmotic stress, probably through inhibiting NF-κB activation.Conclusion: The results suggest that calcitriol might be a potential therapeutic agent for DE.