Abstract
Mona Caird (1854–1932) was a polemical feminist and New Woman novelist and essayist who interrogated the social and legal subordination of women in her novels, short stories, and contributions to the periodical press. An animal rights supporter, she also campaigned against vivisection. Examining oppressive discourses around Victorian marriage and motherhood, she inspired the debate “Is Marriage a Failure?” in theDaily Telegraphin 1888. Drawing on the liberal philosophy of John Stuart Mill and the evolutionary ideas of Charles Darwin, Caird exposed the fallacy of biological determinism both in respect of class and gender. In this, she took a position opposite to many New Woman writers, notably Sarah Grand and George Egerton, and increasingly exposed the misapplication of science to justify political and social conflict and oppression. Most known for her bestselling novelThe Daughters of Danaus(1894), at the heart of her work and vision lies the importance of civil liberty.
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