Cage-Confinement Pyrolysis Strategy to Synthesize Hollow Carbon Nanocage-Coated Copper Phosphide for Stable and High-Capacity Potassium-Ion Storage.

Abstract

Metal phosphides with a high theoretical capacity and low redox potential have been proposed as promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). A reasonable configuration design and introduction of a hollow structure with adequate internal void spaces are effective strategies to overcome the volume expansion of metal phosphides in potassium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a cage-confinement pyrolysis strategy to obtain hollow nanocage-structured nitrogen/phosphorus dual-doped carbon-coated copper phosphide (Cu3P/CuP2@NPC), which exhibits a high initial charge capacity (409 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1) and an outstanding cycle performance (100 mA h g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1000 mA g-1) as an anode material for PIBs. The novel hollow nanocage structure could prevent volume expansion during cycling and reduce the electron/ion diffusion distance. Besides, the nitrogen/phosphorus dual-doped carbon-coated layer could promote electronic conductivity. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements are conducted to study the potassiation/depotassiation mechanism of Cu3P/CuP2@NPC and reveal the structure stability during the cycle process, which further proves that the design ideas of the conductive carbon layer and the hollow structure with adequate internal void spaces are successful.